Gardens and what they say about you...

"Trees and plants always look like the people the live with, somehow"- Zora Neale Hurston

When you walk into someone's house or their room you can tell alot about that person.  How it is organized, the items that are displayed, etc.   When you walk into someone's garden it is the same thing.    I realized this at Linnaea when each student had their own farm plots to experiment with.  Walking into each persons garden was a reflection of their personalities.  It is quite amazing to see.

So here is a walk around the gardens at ASYV as well as my garden, and you can be the judge on what they say.  It is also a bit of an instructional manual for whoever inherits this garden next year.

Guest House 1

The gardens at guest house 1, administration and the inner village circle are some of the best maintained gardens in the village.  In the rainy season they are full of flowers like roses, marigolds, geraniums, irises.

They are also the places that you will find secret plants from elsewhere hidden within all the decorative hedges.  Karasira is the the head gardener here and he definitely has a green thumb.  As much as he loves the manicured hedge and grass look, he also is a garden experimenter.  There are some lemon trees, loquat trees, pomegranate tree, sage plant and even a couple fig trees to be found if you know where to look.

Orange club house with hedges

Family house with rocky washing area, lemongrass and hedges

Hedges and lemongrass

Family house with some fruit trees in the front, surrounded by hedges

The family houses all look pretty similar.  Many, many hedges, some lemongrass and some trees planted around the house.  In a few houses there is a bit of diversity- but mostly ornamental hedge work with rock paths.  This is also the aesthetic of Rwanda. Hedges, hedges and more hedges.

Staff House

The staff houses were all built last year.  As such, when we arrived there was no landscaping.  But also 12 months later there is no landscaping (well not exactly, all the houses got hedges).   Above is an example of a staff house with some hedges around the perimeter and bare ground.

Needless to say, after a little while of seeing what would happen, I took matters into my own hands.  'The problem is the solution'-  right?! As a gardener, the thought of leaving bare soil exposed to grow weeds and leach nutrients for 12 months is uncomfortable.  I had to fill it with something!

It all started with a passion fruit plant in front of our window and it literally blossomed out from there.

Passion fruit vine in front of our room window

In the village there are not alot of private spaces.  There are people around everywhere.  And although maybe Rwandans don't need that much time to be alone, because they grew up with people everywhere- in my country the density is not really that high.  There are lots of places you can go without seeing many people, even in a city.

So the passion fruit vine fills multiple functions: delicious fruit, privacy screen, wildlife habitat(the birds love drinking the nectar of the flowers), beauty, and shade.  In the beginning of the year we found our room to be very hot at night, and the passion fruit vine as well as the garden around the house help to make a cooler micro-climate.  I also have vegetable start trays under the passion fruit vine because it provides shade and blocks the heavy rain.

Veggie starts under passion fruit vine, nasturtium, marigold, mint, lemongrass, arugula going to seed, hot peppers, comfrey, basil

Nasturtium is a tasty (and peppery) treat in salads.  You can eat the orange flowers as well.  Lemonbalm is a herb you can use in tea- it's good for an upset tummy and anxiety.

Lemonbalm, lettuce, kohlrabi, sweet peas, dill, garlic chives

Tree tomato, sesbania, guava, mango and mulberry trees

I planted a little orchard in front of our window on the grass.  These trees will give fruit, shade, privacy screen and and create a cooler micro climate.

Tree tomatoes ripening

In this next picture you will see lettuce, tephrosia (Tephrosia vogelli), basil, Ocium gratissimum, cilantro, compost pit and water harvesting area.

Compost pit outside the kitchen window with grass pile right next to it

Tephrosia is a nitrogen fixing plant that grows into a bush shape.  You can cut it down periodically and use the leaves as mulch to feed the soil.  In addition, tephrosia can ben used as a natural pesticide.  Just take the leaves place in a bucket to ferment for a 1-2 days, remove leaves, add a bit of liquid soap and voila!   You can also use the liquid to control ticks and insects on livestock.  Tephrosia is so potent that is is also know as fish poison- it stuns the fish making them easier to catch.  For more info on the uses of tephrosia check the world agroforestry site here.

Ocium is a genus in the mint (Lamiaceae) family.  Basil and tulsi are in the same genus.  Ocium is strong smelling and good for making tea to soothe the stomach.

Hot compost pile on the veggie bed

Many Rwandans who have come on tours of my garden say 'wow you must be using some nice chemicals'  NOOOOOOOO!!!  No icky chemicals allowed.  Only the magic of compost.

There is a hole outside our kitchen window where we put all our organic waste (veggie scraps, old food, fruit peels etc).  If we are going to get nerdy here- for relative location, it is aptly positioned so that you can just chuck your peels out the window while in the kitchen.  The area right beside it is a storage area for grass. I usually snag some when they are cutting the grass near our house.  I layer grass with the veggie scraps to have a good carbon to nitrogen ratio.

Once the hole is filled I generally make a hot compost pile with it.  Although you can just let everything rot, the hole method tends to produce anaerobic compost- which is ok, but aerobic is filled with much more benefical organisms.  I usually move the materials to a garden bed or on the grass to make the compost pile.  It is best in a shady area, but there is not that much shade around the house yet.  I layer the materials from the pit with dry grass, let it sit, and turn it every so often.  For more information on how to make a hot compost pile go here.

Once the compost in the above bed is finished it can be distributed into the garden and the bed can be used to plant veggies again.  

Water harvesting area

The tap you see in the picture above is the tap where everyone does their laundry.  This also means that instead of lifting a heavy basin of soapy water to the sink, everyone just dumps the soapy water next to the tap.   Soapy water can be a problem because it can change the pH, salinity and water log the soil.  However, if it is placed into deeply mulched areas in healthy soils, and directed to water loving plants,  some of those problems can be mitigated by the soil life.

Next to the the tap I put water loving plants to soak up the extra water.  There is papyrus, taro, comfrey, mint and papaya (sorry- unfortunately this one turned out to be a male papaya tree).  There is also a ditch where the excess water will go (or can be dumped directly there).  This ditch is planted with comfrey and a banana.

Laundry ditch planted with comfrey and banana

All the beds are mulched with grass collected from the lawns around the house.

More veggie beds with nitrogen fixing helpers

Eggplant, passion fruit, pepper, cilantro

Aloe and scarlet runner beans

The aloe came from the Nature Park.  It was the unfortunate victim of a vigorous trail cleaning one day during Saturday service.  I tried to replant it in the Nature Park, but it was the long dry season and it wasn't taking.  So I took it down to the garden and nursed it back to health.  Now it is doing great.  When it goes to seed, the seeds can be planted in the Nature Park.

Sweet peas, ground cherry (Physalis peruviana), lettuce, kohlrabi, lettuce, basil, flowers

The sweet peas for some reason have been slow in flowering.  There are some that have started and hopefully they will create beautiful sweet smelling blooms (note: you can't eat the 'peas').  The ground cherries are sweet orange berries.  They have many other names- cape cod gooseberries, poha berries, golden berries etc. They are ripe when the husks dry and the fruit is an orange colour inside.  The scarlet runner beans are delicious raw or cooked, they grow quite big before becoming hard and stringy.

Bananas, mulberry tree, papaya tree, lettuce, greens, ground cherries, dill, cilantro, carrots, tephrosia, comfrey, sesbania, taro, papyrus

This area is a huge drainage area for the roof.  On this side of the house, the downspout goes directly into the garden and floods everything- including the living room on really heavy rains.  I planted bananas, taro, papyrus, mulberry and papaya to try to soak up some of this extra water.  I also made a swale (ditch) to direct the water to the bananas and away from the living room.

The ditch in action during the rain

Hole filling with water from the rain behind the banana

Water captured in the ditch

The water ditches go well with the principle of catching and storing energy.  Instead of letting the resource and also the energy of the water go to waste (and potentially be destructive to our house and garden), I created a channel for it to flow.  This way it can benefit the garden system.

Sesbania sesbans

The above Sesbania trees were planted in April and are now as tall as the roof.  The seeds were collected from Kenya.  Sesbania is an excellent agroforestry and permaculture tree.  It is nitrogen fixing, responds well to cutting, provides good fuel wood, high quality forage, and shade.  It also grows well in wet soils. I grew it around the house for shade, privacy, and soil improvement. For more information go here.

Sesbania and friends

Tree tomato, sesbania, lettuce, asian greens, arugula, chard, kale, passion fruit, watermelon, carrots, mulberry tree, flowers, sweet peas, basil banana, papyrus

Banana and baby papyrus getting watered from this down spout

Mulberry line and sesbania with some errant hedges

oh hedges... I fought the good battle- but there are still some around...

Sweet pea

I hope at least one person out of the six volunteers that will live in this house next year will have some inclination to keep this garden going.   Yes it will take a bit of work- but mostly it is just maintenance now.   It can also be quite an enjoyable and meditative activity. I have also planted lots of perennials so they should give yields without as much care and attention as  a typical garden with annuals.

The dining hall food is great- but at some point in the next year you are going to get tired of rice, beans and more starches.  Having some fresh fruits and veggies that you grew yourself (not to mention the herbs!!) really breathe some life into your experience at the village.  Veggies that you can eat raw or lightly steamed is amazing after eating very boiled vegetables from the dining hall. I have left a couple garden maps in the house for your use.  Please enjoy!

“The single greatest lesson the garden teaches is that our relationship to the planet need not be zero-sum, and that as long as the sun still shines and people still can plan and plant, think and do, we can, if we bother to try, find ways to provide for ourselves without diminishing the world. ” 

-Michael Pollan, Omnivore's Dilemma

Also check out this great article about 'What Permaculture Isn't and Is' by Toby Hemenway

How to Make a Mud Oven

Somewhere in second term, Miki and I decided that there were not enough delicious baked goods in Rwanda.  I mean, there are some baked goods to be had in Kigali- but in Rubona- your choices are amandazi (donught), cake (not really cake- more like dry corn bread in a muffin shape), chipati, yellow buns on market days,  and smart bread (which is kind of yucky uber white bread).

And besides, as I was already in the process of transforming our garden into a hippy permaculture zone, why not add a mud oven?

Yes- that is a unicorn with a sparkling glitter horn

So we looked up some info on the internet, here are two good sources: 1 and 2 that we referenced.

We started by making a table with the help of some of the maintenance staff workers.  Then we created a mixture of clay and sand.  All the blogs talk about special mixtures of clay and sand... we just kind of took our wheelbarrows and shovels around to random areas in the village to find sand and clay soils.  The instructions from the blogs are to make a mixture that doesn't splat if you drop a compressed ball (50 times in your hand) from waist height. It should deform but not break.  We used this mixture to make a border around the table.  We filled in the inside with a layer of sand and then put bricks ontop of the sand layer.  If I were to make another oven in the future, I might make the this lower layer thicker, or even make the oven stand out of bricks for more thermal insulation.

Sand dome on our table

 After the base was set, we created a dome out of wet sand.  We used a whacking technique using some boards to make it nice and dome shaped.  We were also very scientific about the dome shape (thanks to Miki) and calculated the parabola of the the dome, and cut out a carboard measurement device so we could make sure it was the right shape.  I'm pretty sure most hippies don't do this step and just 'feel' the shape out organically.

Sand dome from the side covered with plastic with a door

 We then covered our dome with plastic and created a door.  The plastic was to make it easier to excavate the sand after putting the outer layer.  I think if I did this again, I would leave out the door mould and cut it out after the fact.  We were not sure how easy it would be to cut out- but it was fairly simple if you get it before it is dry.  Our mould for the door was not very strong- so you will see in the next pictures how it kind of collapses as we pile on the mud.

First layer of mud

We pressed our fist into the side of the mud layer to make sure it was thick enough

I think we made our mud/sand mixture with a bit too much clay and water so it squished down too much.  As a result the bottom layers of our oven are very thick but the top layer not so much.  After the outside had dried for a day we cut out the door.  We let it harden for a few more days and then took out the sand from the inside of the dome.  And then.... we made delicious treats!

The first (of many) banana bread made in the oven.  After  7 months without...

It took us a little while to figure out how to get the oven hot enough for good baking.  There were many (sad) failures.  What you need to do is get a raging fire going in the oven fore 2 hours before baking.  The smaller the wood, the better.  You also need to babysit the oven because it has a tendency to go out or smoke horrendously.  This might be because our door is not quite a the right ratio??  I still don't know the answer without more experience with other ovens. It is supposed to be 63% of the interior dome height.  This is what it is for us... but maybe it needs to be more to get a better draft.  

Also you need to let the fire burn down and/or sweep the coals out depending on what temperature you need for baking. We don't have an oven thermometer but sometimes if you leave the coals in, you could burn your baked goods.  Also it is important the let the fire burn down completely unless you like that smoky flavour to your cake.  We usually measure if the oven is hot enough if the base of the outside dome is warm/hot to touch.

The oven works by stored heat in the mud.  It gradually cools down and cooks your food as it does.  If I were to do this again I would add an insulative layer with chopped dry grass and the mud mixture (like cob) to keep more of the heat in longer.

mmmm bread

You can usually get about 2-4 items in at a time depending on the size of the pan.  We have cooked normal bread, challah, gluten free bread, carrot cake, brownies, banana bread, buns, chicken, baked apples, honey cake, sweet corn and cookies.  We usually shut the door with a combination of bricks and pieces of wood to keep the heat in.

Since the oven is made out of mud, we needed a shelter to protect it from the rain.  With Cyprien's help, we have this great shelter made out of spare sheet metal.  We also decided to make this mural on the oven... to really share the love.  A rainbow, Gaia, jumping dolphins, sunshine, and a unicorn in a sparkling magical landscape. oh yes. 

 Enjoy the sweetness of our oven!!  May 2013 be filled with many delicious treats.

The Making of the Nature Hut

As you know from, past blog posts, I am a big fan of the Agahozo-Shalom Youth Village Nature Park. It is a truly wonderful place and we wanted to make a nice meeting space up there to encourage more use of the park.

Rainbow on our last day of work at the Nature Hut

In the third term, Nathan (one of the other cousins) and I worked to build a Nature Hut. We started September 12th, 2012 and finished October 17th, 2012.  We had the help of many of the maintenance workers, a team of 27 students, support of the directors and also help from various families and the environment club during Saturday Service.  We started dreaming of this project in second term and managed, with alot of hard work, to make it happen in the third term.  It wasn't always easy but with teamwork, Nathan and I managed to keep the momentum of the project going when we hit bumps along the way.

Nathan and I in the finished hut

This is our How to Make a Nature Hut PDF which has many wonderful pictures and the steps it took to get from start to finish.

We opened the Nature Hut on October 22, 2012 with the help of Anne Heyman, founder of ASYV.

Opening ceremony- photo by Steve

Anne cutting the ribbon- photo by Steve

Natural building team at the opening ceremony-photo by Steve

Natural Building team with their certificates of achievement- photo by Steve

The girls in my family who were part of the Natural Building team and Mama Annociata

We also had the closing staff meeting for informal education at the Nature Park on November 1, 2012

End of year staff meeting at the Nature Hut

Nathan and Miki helping Mama Emerthe on the slackline

I can only hope that the Nature Hut will be well loved and used in the years to come!!

Sunset yoga at the Nature Hut

Mango trees!

Environment Club planting a mango tree at the green clubhouse

ASYV is a fairly new village, in a country that is densely populated, where most people use firewood to cook.  As such, there are not many mature trees in the village.  Like any good environment club, the 2012 environment club wanted to plant more trees in the village.

The mango tree acting as distribution centre where families and staff can pick up their baby mango trees

They specifically wanted to plant mango trees.  Who doesn't like mangoes?  The kids will even eat the immature green fruit.  It is a bit of an acquired taste, something like eating crab apples or raw rhubarb.  After many months of waiting,  we eventually got the money for 60 mango trees.

Environment Club member in charge of making sure everyone got their trees

We planted them on October 13, 2012.  Every family house got 1 tree, staff house received trees and the club houses.  The trees were all a grafted variety from a lovely fruit farm in Kabuga, Rwanda (just east of Kigali).

Environment Club planting a mango tree at the orange club house

A Visit to Akagera Park with the Environment Club

Practicing with the binoculars 

Yesterday we had a lovely trip to Akagera Park with the Environment Club.

We woke bright and early, got our picnic lunches from the kitchen and departed in 4 safari vehicles supplied by Intore Expeditions.  The safari vehicles were a surprise for the kids and they were very excited about them.  There were many pictures taken with them beside the safari vehicle, pretending to drive, on the roof of the car.  I can only imagine what their facebook pages are going to look like soon. :)

A guide giving the students an orientation of the park

We arrived at the park and the guides there gave the students a great orientation about Akagera Park, about the other National Parks in Rwanda, how Rwandan Parks compare to other parks in East Africa, and what it is like being a guide.  After that we hopped in the cars and went in search of animals.

On the search for animals

We a saw impala, topi, waterbuck, zebras, buffalo, many different kinds of birds, turtles, hippopotamus, giraffes and elephants!!  I think the elephants were the highlight of the trip because they are difficult to find in Akagera Park and they are so majestic.  That being said, the students were excited about all the animals.  If you have spent anytime in Rwanda, you might of noticed that Rwandans make alot of different sounds to convey emotional states- especially surprise, awe, and happiness.  It was the soundtrack of the day yesterday.

Elephant

Buffalo and turtles in the muddy ponds

Hippos

Impala

Look at that!

Giraffes

Lilac-breasted Roller (Coracias caudata)- I think. Second opionon?

Zebras

Delicious packed lunch from Chez Hilam

Beautiful lunch spot.  We could even see an elephant and some hippos grazing near the lake with the binoculars.

I think the pictures say the most about how fabulous the day was.  Thank you to everyone helped out to raise funds for this trip.  It was truly AMAZING!  Thank you also to Shelley and Paul and everyone at Intore Expeditions for supporting this trip not only financially, but with encouragement and organization.  The drivers were fantastic- teaching the students about the different types of habitats and animals in Akagera.  For example, it is the rainy season right now, and our driver Andrew, explained that the topi and buffalo have their babies at this time of the year when the food is abundant so they have a better chance of survival.

Topi with their babies

Thank you from the Environment Club!

Thanks so much!!!